New sulfonate composite functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes with cryogel solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the determination of β‐agonists in animal feeds

A new mixed‐mode cation‐exchange sulfonate composite functionalized with multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyvinyl alcohol cryogel was fabricated and used for the first time as a solid‐phase extraction sorbent for the determination of β‐agonists in animal feeds. Feed samples were extracted with 0.20 M phosphoric acid and methanol (1:4, v/v) using ultrasonication, cleaned‐up using the developed sorbent to which the β‐agonists bound then finally eluted with 5.0% ammonia in methanol and analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Various parameters that affected the extraction efficiency were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the developed sorbent strongly interacted with β‐agonists by cationic exchange and hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions, that provided a high extraction efficiency in the range of 92.8 ± 3.7–104.4 ± 2.3% over a range of 0.04–2.0 mg/kg for salbutamol and ractopamine, and 0.40–8.0 mg/kg for clenbuterol. The relative standard deviations were less than 6.0%. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of β‐agonists in various types of animal feed and effectively reduced any matrix interference.     

毛细管区带电泳法同时测定饲料中西马特罗、盐酸克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇

建立了同时测定饲料中西马特罗、盐酸克伦特罗与沙丁胺醇的毛细管区带电泳-紫外检测方法。考察了实验参数对 分离和检测结果的影响。在最佳实验条件下,在60 mmol/L的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠运行缓冲液(pH 6.29)中,上述3种物质在8 min内完全分离。西马特罗、盐酸克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇的线性响应范围为0.1~1.0 mg/L,最低检测限(以信噪比为3计)分 别为0.02,0.03和0.02 mg/L。所建立的方法直接用于饲料中西马特罗、盐酸克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇的测定,结果令人满意 。     

Simple HPLC determination of colistin in medicated feeds by pre-column derivatization and fluorescence detection

Summary A simple and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the determination of colistin antibiotic in feeds employing pre-column derivatization and fluorescence detection. Extraction of colistin in feeds was by sonication and shaking with 0.1 M HCl. Pre-column derivatization was with phthaldialdehyde and 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) in borate buffer (pH 10.5) to obtain a fluorescent derivative. Elution of the derivative onto an Ultracarb 5 μm ODS column was by using acetonitrile—ultrapure water (75∶25). Detection was by spectrofluorimetry at 340 nm (excitation wavelength) and 440 nm (emission wavelength). Total elution time was <20 min. The applicability of the validated method was tested by analyzing commercial medicated feeds without any interference from the matrix.     

A methodology based on NIR-microscopy for the detection of animal protein by-products

This study develops a methodology based on NIR-microscopy analysis and chemometric tools for the detection of animal protein by-products in mixtures, such as compound feeds and mixtures of ingredients, using a library of animal meal by-products only. The proposed methodology is a two-step strategy which worked better than the SIMCA approach it was compared with. In the first step, animal particles are identified using one of two methods, a global or a local distance measure. In the second, K-nearest-neighbours (KNN) is used to discriminate between terrestrial and fish particles. The models were developed using a training set comprising 11,727 spectra of pure terrestrial meals and 5843 of fish meals. KNN using second derivative spectra and five neighbours correctly classifies 98.5% of these samples under cross-validation. The procedure was validated using two external datasets, one made up of mixtures of species (fish and bovine), and a second of commercial compound feeds. The results obtained confirm that the procedure is able to reliably detect the presence of animal meals, although further work would be needed to develop it into an accurate quantitative method.     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱快速检测动物饲料中10种违禁精神药物

建立了测定动物饲料中三唑仑、艾司唑仑、硝西泮、地西泮、异丙嗪、氯氮平、唑吡坦、甲硫哒嗪、氯丙嗪和咪达唑仑10种违禁精神药物的超高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)方法。样品经混合溶剂甲醇-0.1 mol/L HCl(9:1, v/v)振荡提取,再用MCX固相萃取柱净化处理后,采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS分析检测。10种化合物在5～100 μg/L范围内均呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数均大于0.99。本方法的硝西泮、唑吡坦和甲硫哒嗪的定量限(LOQ,以信噪比为10计)为8 μg/kg,三唑仑、艾司唑仑、地西泮、异丙嗪、氯丙嗪和咪达唑仑为10 μg/kg,氯氮平为20 μg/kg。3个添加水平(LOQ、2LOQ、4LOQ)的回收率试验结果表明,10种化合物的回收率在60.6%～108.5%范围内,相对标准偏差均小于10%。本方法可用于动物饲料中违禁精神药物的准确测定。     

Utilization of agro-resources by radiation treatment -production of animal feed and mushroom from oil palm wastes

The production of animal feeds and mushrooms from oil palm cellulosic wasres by radiation and fermentation has been investigated in order to utilize the agro-resources and to reduce the smoke pollution. The process is as follows: decontamination of microorganisms in fermentation media of empty fruit bunch of oil palm (EFB) by irradiation, inoculation of useful fungi, and subsequently production of proteins and edible mushrooms. The dose of 25 kGy was required for the sterilization of contaminating bacteria whereas the dose of 10 kGy was enough to eliminate the fungi. Among many kinds of fungi tested, C. cinereus and P. sajor-caju were selected as the most suitable microorganism for the fermentation of EFB. The protein content of the product increased to 13 % and the crude fiber content decreased to 20% after 30 days of incubation with C. cinereus at 30°C in solid state fermentation. P. sajor-caju was suitable for the mushroom production on EFB with rice bran.     

高效液相色谱/蒸发光散射检测法同时测定饲料中12种甜味剂

建立了饲料中鼠李糖、木糖、果糖、葡萄糖、甜菊双糖苷、蔗糖、麦芽糖、乳糖、蔗果三糖、棉籽糖、蔗果四糖、水苏糖共12种甜味剂的高效液相色谱同时分离检测方法。采用XB-NH2柱分离,以乙腈-水为流动相梯度洗脱,蒸发光散射检测器进行测定。结果表明,12种甜味剂在0.05~5 g/L范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.996 3~1.000 0,检出限不大于0.04 g/L,方法的回收率为86.6%~112%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.5%~6.7%。该方法简单快速,定量准确可靠,适用于饲料中甜味剂的日常检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中苯乙醇胺A的残留量

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱测定饲料中苯乙醇胺A残留的分析方法。用磷酸甲醇溶液提取饲料中的苯乙醇胺A,经MCX柱净化、富集后,在正离子模式下以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,Waters超高效BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离,电喷雾离子源电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式下进行定量和定性分析。结果表明,苯乙醇胺A在0.5～100 μg/kg范围内的峰面积与含量线性相关(相关系数(r)﹥0.999),其定量限(S/N)为10 μg/kg,方法回收率为79.6%～86.2%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.1%～6.7%。多次测定饲料样品表明该方法操作方便、测定结果可靠。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱法同时测定配合饲料中29种兽药

建立了同时测定配合饲料中喹诺酮类、磺胺类、大环内酯类和硝基呋喃类共计29种兽药的超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)检测方法。饲料样品用甲醇-乙腈(1:1, v/v)混合溶液提取,提取液经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱净化,采用UPLC-ESI-MS/MS检测。以甲醇和含0.1%(v/v)甲酸的水溶液作为流动相,进行梯度洗脱,用C18色谱柱分离,正离子模式扫描,多反应监测模式检测。29种兽药在0.01～5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.99;在复合预混饲料、全价配合饲料、浓缩饲料中4个添加水平下29种兽药的平均回收率在61.2%～94.3%范围内,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%～15.0%;方法的检出限(以信噪比大于10计)为0.01 mg/kg或0.05 mg/kg。该方法简便、快速、准确,重现性好,灵敏度高,适用于配合饲料中多种兽药的同时检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定饲料中的喹乙醇

报道饲料中喹乙醇的高效液相色谱分析方法。以乙酰苯胺为内标,样品用二甲替甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）提取,在Ｃ８柱上进行色谱分析,紫外检测波长２６０ｎｍ,流动相为甲醇－水（２０８０,Ｖ／Ｖ）,喹乙醇的回收率为９８．５８％～１０１．６３％,相对标准偏差为２．６７％～４．２５％。